2016-3(20)

Nuclear, radiation and environmental safety

Article NameThe Material Costs in the Aftermath of Radioactive Pollution as a Result of Radiation Accident at Nuclear Facilities
AuthorsA.P. Elokhin*, I.A. Starodubtcev**
Address

Department of Automation Engineering, National Research Nuclear University «MEPhI», Kashirskoye shosse, 31, Moscow, Russia 115409
* e-mail: elokhin@yandex.ru; ** e-mail: 81-720@mail.ru

AbstractThe work on the example of a hypothetical accident at the nuclear facilities (nuclear facilities) presented the scenario that determines the sequence of works relating to the registration of ionizing radiation caused by the release of gas-aerosol radioactive impurities in the atmosphere, as well as the assessment of radioactive air pollution and the underlying surface in the propagation of impurities on wind. The estimation of dose loads on the personnel and population of the region came under the torch of the radioactive release, and work to eliminate the consequences of the radioactive pollution of the environment. A mathematical formulation of the statement on the assessment of the radioactive contamination of the environment problems and methods of its solution, as well as evaluation of environmental damage, including populated areas, farmland, parks, nature reserves and natural nature reserves.
Keywordsradiation accident at the nuclear facilities, registration of ionizing radiation, radioactive release torch assessment of radioactive contamination of air basin and the underlying surface, evaluation of radiation exposure of personnel and population of the region, assessment of environmental damage
LanguageRussian
References

1. Elohin A.P. Avtomatizirovannye sistemy kontrolja radiacionnoj obstanovki okruzhajushhej sredy [The automated control systems of environment radiation situation]: uchebnoe posobie [education guidance]. M. Pub. NIJaU MIFI [NRNU MePhI], 2012, ISBN 978-5-7262-1716-1, 316 p. (in Russian)

2. Legasov V.A. etс. Vodorodnaja jenergetika [Hydrogen power engineering]. Iz knigi «Atomno-vodorodnaja jenergetika i tehnologija» [in “Atomic and hydrogen power and technology” book]. M. 1978, pp. 11–36. (in Russian)

3. Shpilrajn Je.Je., Malyshenko S.P., Kuleshov G.G. Vvedenie v vodorodnuju jenergetiku. Pod redakciej V.A. Legasova [Introduction to hydrogen power]. M. Pub. Jenergoatomizdat [Energoatomizdat], 1984, 264 p. (in Russian)

4. Elohin A.P. Metody i sredstva sistem radiacionnogo kontrolja okruzhajushhej sredy : monografija [Methods and means of systems of environment radiation control: monograph]. M. Pub. NIJaU MIFI [NRNU MePhI], 2014, ISBN 978-5-7262-1957, 520 p. (in Russian)

5. Kryshev I.I., Kuryndina L.A., Linge I.I. Ocenka ushherba okruzhajushhej srede pri ispolzovanii atomnoj jenergii [Assessment of damage to the environment when using atomic energy]. Atomnaja jenergija [Atomic energy]. 2014, Vol. 117, №3, ISSN 0004-7163, pp. 159–163. (in Russian)

6. Lajhtman D.L. Fizika pogranichnogo sloja atmosfery [Physics of an interface of the atmosphere]. Leningrad. Pub. Gidromet [Gidromet], 1970, 340 p.

7. Starodubcev I.A., Elohin A.P. K voprosu ob ispolzovanii avtomatizirovannyh sistem kontrolja jekologicheskoj obstanovki na territorijah, prilegajushhih k predprijatijam chernoj, cvetnoj metallurgicheskoj i atomnoj promyshlennosti [Use of Automated Systems for Environmental Monitoring in the Area Surrounding Ferrous, Nonferrous Metallurgical Enterprises and Nuclear Industry]. Globalnaya yadernaya bezopasnost [Global nuclear safety], 2015, №4(17),  ISSN 2305-414Х, eISSN 2499-9733, pp. 15–34. (in Russian)

8. Talerko N.N., Bujkov M.V. K raschetu traektorij struj v prizemnom sloe atmosfery [To calculation of streams trajectories in a ground layer of the atmosphere]. Trudy UkrNIGMI [Works of Ukrainian research hydrometeorological institute], 1979, Vol.170, pp. 90–96. (in Russian)

9. Dmitriev A.V., Dmitriev V.V., Konyshev I.S., Tudos V.N. Metody jeksperimentalnogo opredelenija parametrov sherohovatosti pochvennogo pokrova [Methods of experimental determination of soil cover roughness parameters]. Vestnik SibGAU [Siberian State Aerospace University bulletin], 2013, №5(51), ISSN 1816-9724, pp. 104–106. (in Russian)

10. Mobilnaja laboratorija radiacionnogo kontrolja "Multirad JeKO". Informacionnyj portal o kontrolno-izmeritel'nyh priborah i ih proizvoditeljah pribory-si.ru. Katalog sredstv izmerenij, ispytatel'nogo i laboratornogo oborudovanija [Mobile laboratory of radiation control "Multirad EKO" / the Information portal about instrumentations and their pribory-si.ru producers - Catalog of measuring instruments, test and laboratory equipment], 2016. Available at: http://pribory-si.ru/catalog/4602/5219/ (in Russian)

11. Sanitarnye pravila proektirovanija i jekspluatacii atomnyh stancij (SP AS-2003/2010). SP 2.6.1.27-2000 [Health regulations of design and operation of nuclear power plants.]. (in Russian)

12. Elohin A.P. Optimizacija metodov i sredstv avtomatizirovannyh sistem kontrolja radiacionnoj obstanovki okruzhajushhej sredy [Optimization of methods and means of the automated control systems of environment radiation situation.]. Dissertacija na soiskanie uchenoj stepeni doktora tehnicheskih nauk [The thesis for the Doctor of Engineering degree]. M. MIFI [MEPhI], 2001, 325 p. (in Russian)

13. Elohin A.P., Zhilina M.V., Rau D.F., Ivanov E.A. Polozhenie o povyshenii tochnosti prognosticheskih ocenok radiacionnyh harakteristik radioaktivnogo zagrjaznenija okruzhajushhej sredy i dozovyh nagruzok na personal i naselenie. Prikaz Federalnoj sluzhby po jekologicheskomu, tehnologicheskomu i atomnomu nadzoru ot  08.06.2010 goda [Provision on increase in accuracy of predictive estimates of radiation characteristics of radioactive environmental pollution and dose loads of personnel and population. The Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Protection of the Russian Federation, Federal Service for Environmental, Technological and Nuclear Supervision of RB – 053 – 09. Approved by the order of Federal Service for Environmental, Technological and Nuclear Supervision, 08.06.2010.].  №465, 79 p. (in Russian)

14. Meteorologija i atomnaja jenergija [Meteorology and atomic energy]. Pod redakciej N.L. Byzovoj, K.P. Mahonko [Edited by]. Leningrad. Pub. Gidrometeoizdat [Gidrometeoizdat], 1971, 648 p. (in Russian)

15. Mashkovich V.P., Kudrjavceva A.V. Zashhita ot ionizirujushhih izluchenij : spravochnik [Protection against ionizing radiation]. M. Pub. Jenergoatomizdat [Energoatomizdat], 1995. ISBN 5-283-03059-8, 496 p. (in Russian)

16. Elohin A.P., Zhilina M.V., Rau D.F., Parhoma P.A. Sposob distancionnogo izmerenija zagrjaznenija radionuklidami podstilajushhej poverhnosti v slede radioaktivnogo vybrosa radiacionno-opasnyh predprijatij i sistema dlja ego osushhestvlenija. Patent № 2388018, bjuleten №12, 27.04.2010 [Way of remote measurement of pollution by radionuclides of the spreading surface in a trace of radioactive emission of the radiation-hazardous enterprises and system for his implementation. The patent № 2388018, the bulletin № 12, 4/27/2010.]. (in Russian)

17. Elohin A.P., Zhilina M.V., Parhoma P.A. Osobennosti skanirovanija podstilajushhej poverhnosti pri pomoshhi bespilotnogo dozimetricheskogo kompleksa [Features of scanning of the spreading surface by means of a pilotless dosimetric complex]. Atomnaja jenergija [Atomic energy], 2009, Vol. 107, №2, ISSN 0004-7163, pp 103–112. (in Russian)

18. Ulin S.E., Dmitrenko V.V., Grachev V.M., Uteshev Z.M., Vlasik K.F., Novikov A.S. Perspektivy ispolzovanija ksenonovogo gamma-spektrometrov dlja jekologicheskogo monitoringa. IV Mezhdunarodnaja konferencija-vystavka «Jekologicheskie sistemy, pribory i chistye tehnologii»,  10-22  aprelja 2010 goda [Prospects use xenon gamma spectrometers for environmental monitoring. IV International conference exhibition "Ecological Systems, Devices and Clean Technologies", Moscow, on April 10-22, 2010]. M. 2010, №7, pp. 3–10. (in Russian)

19. Gusev N.G., Beljaev V.A. Radioaktivnye vybrosy v biosfere [Radioactive emissions in the biosphere]: spravochnik [Reference book]. M. Pub. Jenergoatomizdat [Energoatomizdat], 1986, 224 p. (in Russian)

20. SanPiN 2.6.1.2523-09 «Normy radiacionnoj bezopasnosti» (NRB-99/2009) [Health regulations and Standarts 2.6.1.2523-09 of "Standard of radiation safety" (NRB-99/2009).]. (in Russian)

21. Bondarev P.V., Izmajlov A.V., Tolstoj A.I. Fizicheskaja zashhita jadernyh obektov : uchebnoe posobie dlja vuzov [Physical protection of nuclear objects: Manual for higher education institutions]. M. Pub. MIFI [MEPhI], 2008, 584 p. (in Russian)

22. Postanovlenie Pravitelstva Rosskijskoj Federacii ot 4 oktjabrja 2012 g. №1006 «Ob utverzhdenii Pravil predostavlenija medicinskimi organizacijami platnyh medicinskih uslug» [The resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation of October 4, 2012 N 1006 "About the approval of Rules of providing paid medical services by the medical organizations"]. (in Russian)

23. Federalnyj zakon Rossijskoj Federacii ot 21.11.2011 (v redakcii 25.11.2013) goda. №323-FZ «Ob osnovah ohrany zdorovja grazhdan v Rossijskoj Federacii» [The federal law of the Russian Federation, 21.11.2011 (an edition 25.11.2013) №323-FL "About bases of protection of public health in the Russian Federation"]. (in Russian)

24. Zakon Rossijskoj Federacii ot 15 maja 1991 g. №1244-1 «O socialnoj zashhite grazhdan, podvergshihsja vozdejstviju radiacii vsledstvie katastrofy na Chernobylskoj AJeS» [The act of the Russian Federation of May 15, 1991 № 1244-1 "About social protection of the citizens who were affected by radiation owing to accident on the Chernobyl NPP"]. (in Russian)

25. Borovoj A.A., Velihov E.P. Opyt Chernobylja (raboty na obekte «Ukrytie») [Experience of Chernobyl (work on an object "Shelter").]. Part 3. M. Pub. NIC «Kurchatovskij institut» [National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute»], 2013, ISBN 978-5-904437-90-9, 156 p. (in Russian)

26. Metodika opredelenija stoimosti stroitelnoj produkcii na territorii Rossijskoj Federacii». MDS 81-35.2004 ["Technique of determination of cost of construction production in the territory of the Russian Federation" of MDS 81-35.2004]. (in Russian)

27. Pinaev V.E., Kasimov D.V., Afanaseva O.O. Voprosy rekultivacii zemel – opyt podgotovki glavy dlja Proekta meroprijatij po ohrane okruzhajushhej sredy [Questions of recultivation of lands – experience of training of the head for the Project of actions for environmental protection]. Mir nauki [World of science], 2015, №1. Available at: http://mirnauki.com/PDF/13EMN115.pdf (in Russian)

28. Pinaev V.E., Kasimov D.V. Ocenka vozdejstvija na pochvenno-rastitel'nyj pokrov – praktika provedenija pri OVOS ["Assessment of impact on a soil and vegetable cover – practice of carrying out at EIA"]. Naukovedenie [Science of science], №6(24), Issue nojabr-dekabr 2014 [Issue Novenber-December 2014]. ISSN 2223-5167, DOI: 10.15862/121EVN614, Availble at: http://naukovedenie.ru/PDF/121EVN614.pdf (in Russian)

29. Zhilishhnyj kodeks Rossijskoj Federacii. Statja 38 [Housing code of the Russian Federation. Article 38]. (in Russian)

30. O normative stoimosti odnogo kvadratnogo metra obshhej ploshhadi zhilogo pomeshhenija po Rossijskoj Federacii na pervoe polugodie 2016 goda i pokazateljah srednej rynochnoj stoimosti odnogo kvadratnogo metra obshhej ploshhadi zhilogo pomeshhenija po subektam Rossijskoj Federacii na I kvartal 2016 goda. Prikaz Ministerstva stroitelstva i zhilishhno-kommunalnogo hozjajstva Rossijskoj Federacii ot 28 dekabrja 2015 g. №951/pr. ["About the standard of the cost of one square meter of total area of premises for the Russian Federation on the first half of the year 2016 and indicators of the average market value of one square meter of total area of premises on subjects of the Russian Federation for the I quarter 2016". The order of the Ministry of Construction and Housing and Communal Services of the Russian Federation (Ministry of Construction of Russia) of December 28, 2015] Moscow. (in Russian)

Papers7 - 33
URL ArticleURL Article
 Open Article

Design, manufacturing and commissioning of nuclear industry equipment

Article NameCombined Laser Additive Manufacturing for Complex Turbine Blades
AuthorsBenjamin Graf *,1; Sergej Gook1; Andrey Gumenyuk1,2; Michael Rethmeier (1), (2), (3)
Address

(1) Fraunhofer Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology IPK, Pascalstraße 8-9, 10587 Berlin, Germany
(2) BAM - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und –prüfung, Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany
(3) Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
e-mail: Benjamin.graf@ipk.fraunhofer.de

AbstractLaser beam processes are increasingly used in the field of additive manufacturing. Prominent methods are either powderbed-based like Laser Metal Fusion (LMF), or utilizing a powder nozzle like Laser Metal Deposition (LMD). While LMF allows the manufacturing of complex structures, build rate, part volumes and material flexibility are limited. In contrast, LMD is able to operate with high deposition rates on existing parts, and materials can be changed easily during the process. However LMD shape complexity is limited. Utilizing their respective strengths, a combination of these two additive technologies has the potential to produce complex parts with high deposition rates and increased material flexibility. In this paper, combined manufacturing with additive technologies LMF and LMD is described. Its benefit for industry with emphasis on turbomachinery is shown. As reality test for the innovation, an industrial turbine blade is manufactured.
Keywordsadditive manufacturing; laser metal fusion; laser metal deposition; turbine blade
LanguageEnglish
References

[1]     T. Caffrey and T. Wohlers: Wohlers Report 2015: Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing State of the Industry, 2015. (in English)

[2]     G. N. Levy, R. Schindel, and J.-P. Kruth: Rapid Manufacturing and Rapid Tooling with Layer Manufacturing (LM) technologies, state of the art and future perspectives. CIRP Annals - Manufacturing Technology, 52 (2), 2003. DOI:10.1016/S0007-8506(07)60206-6 (in English)

[3]       Carl Zeiss Jena GmbH: Additive Manufacturing at ZEISS, 2015. (in English)

[4]     L. Bechthold, V. Fischer, A. Hainzlmaier et al.: 3D Printing - A Qualitative Assessment of Applications , Recent Trends and the Technology ’ s Future Potential, Studien zum deutschen Innovationssystem - Center for Digital Technology and Management (CDTM), München, no. 17, 2015. (in English)

[5]     S. Bremen, D. Buchbinder, W. Meiners, and K. Wissenbach: Mit Selective Laser Melting auf dem Weg zur Serienproduktion?, Laser Technik Journal, vol. 8, no. 6, pp. 24–28, 2011. DOI: 10.1002/latj.201190072 (in English)

[6]     D. Buchbinder, H. Schleifenbaum, S. Heidrich et al.: High Power Selective Laser Melting (HP SLM) of Aluminum Parts, Physics Procedia, vol. 12, pp. 271–278, Jan. 2011. (in English)

[7]     A. B. Spierings, K. Wegener, and G. Levy: Designing Material Properties Locally with Additive Manufacturing technology SLM, Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium SFF, Austin, TX, USA, 2012, pp. 447–455. (in English)

[8]     G. Kool and E. Amsterdam: Laser additive manufacturing of titan and inconel, The Future of Gas Turbine Technology - 5th International Conference, 2010. (in English)

[9]     P. Korinko, T. Adams, and S. Malene: Laser Engineered Net Shaping® for Repair and Hydrogen Compatibility, Welding Journal, vol. 90, pp. 171–181, 2011. (in English)

[10]   B. Graf, A. Gumenyuk, and M. Rethmeier: Laser metal deposition as repair technology for stainless steel and titanium alloys, Physics Procedia, vol. 39, pp. 376–381, 2012. DOI: 10.1016/j.phpro.2012.10.051 (in English)

[11]   B. Graf, S. Ammer, A. Gumenyuk, and M. Rethmeier: Design of Experiments for Laser Metal Deposition in Maintenance, Repair and Overhaul Applications, Procedia CIRP, vol. 11, pp. 245–248, Jan. 2013. (in English)

[12]   D. C. Hofmann, S. Roberts, R. Otis et al.: Developing Gradient Metal Alloys through Radial Deposition Additive Manufacturing, NATURE Scientific Reports, vol. 4, p. 5357, Jun. 2014. DOI: 10.1038/srep05357 (in English)

[13]     E. Capello, D. Colombo, and B. Previtali: Repairing of sintered tools using laser cladding by wire, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, vol. 164–165, pp. 990–1000, May 2005. DOI:10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2005.02.075 (in English)

Papers34 - 42
URL ArticleURL Article
 Open Article
Article NameConstruction of Cognitive Model System and Project Feasibility Analysis Methods for Nuclear Power Plant Information Management Systems Creation
AuthorsA.E. Kolodenkova
Address

Ufa State Aviation Technical University, Russia 450008
e-mail: anna82_42@mail.ru

AbstractIt is offered to apply cognitive model system and methods of project feasibility analysis to modeling of project feasibility assessment process for the NPP information management system creation. The generalized scheme of project feasibility analysis, and structure of cognitive model system and methods of the project feasibility analysis for information management system creation is considered. Fragments of software screen forms which realizes separate models and methods of project feasibility analysis are given.
Keywordssystem of cognitive models and methods, project feasibility analysis; indistinct initial data, NPP
LanguageRussian
References
  1.  Kaliaev I.A., Korobkin V.V., Melnik E.V., Khisamutdinov M.A. Metodi i sredstva povisheniy bezopasnosti i sokraceniy vremeni operacii s yadernim toplivom na AIS s reaktorom tipa VVER-1000 [The methods and means to improve safety and reduce the time of operation of nuclear fuel in nuclear power plants with VVER-1000]: monographia [monograph]. Rostov-on-Don: Pub. Izdat. Uzhnogo Federalnogo universiteta [Southern Federal University Publishing House], 2014, ISBN 978-5-9275-1482-3, 208 p. (in Russian).
  2.  Lipaev V.V. Tehniko-ikonomicheskoe obosnovanie proektov slozhnih programmnih sredstv [Feasibility study of software faciliyy projects]. M. Pub. SINTEG [SINTEG], 2004, ISBN 5-89638-082-8, 284 p. (in Russian).
  3.  Lipaev V.V. Programnaya inzheneriya. Metodologicheskie osnovi [Software engineering. Methodological foundations]. M. Pub. GU-VShE, TEIS [Higher School of Economics], 2006, ISBN 5-7598-0424-3, 608 p. (in Russian).
  4.  Kolodenkova A.E. Otsenka riskov sozdanija programmnogo obespechenija informacionno-upravljajushhih sistem dlja vysokoriskovyh promyshlennyh predprijatij v uslovijah interval'noj neopredelennosti ishodnyh dannyh [Risk assessment software information and control systems for high-risk industrial enterprises in terms of interval of initial data vagueness]. Vestnik UGATU [Ufa State Aviation Technical University Bulletin], 2015, Vol. 19, № 1,
    ISSN 1992-6502, pp. 192–199. (in Russian).
  5.  Kolodenkova A.E. Predproektnye issledovanija po sozdaniju informacionno-upravljajushhih sistem atomnyh stancij v uslovijah neopredelennosti [Exploratory researches in creating information-control systems for nuclear power plants under uncertainty]. Globalnaya yadernaya bezopasnost [Global nuclear safety], 2016, №1(18), ISSN 2305-414X, pp. 26–33. (in Russian).
  6.  Kulba V.V., Nazaretov V.M., Chuhrov I.P. Modificirovannye funkcional'nye grafy kak apparat modelirovanija slozhnyh dinamicheskih sistem [Modified function graphs as the modeling of complex dynamic systems]. Preprint [Preprint]. – М. Pub. Izdat. Institut problem upravlenija RAN [V.A. Trapeznikov Institute of Control Sciences of Russian Academy of Sciences], 1995, 43 p. (in Russian).
  7.  Kolodenkova A.E. Nechetko-mnozhestvennyj podhod k ocenke realistichnosti al'ternativ programmnogo obespechenija mehatronnyh sistem [Multi-fuzzy approach for estimation alternatives reality in the mechatronic systems software]. Mehatronika, avtomatizacija, upravlenie [Mechatronics, automation, control], 2011, № 4, ISSN 1684-6427, pp. 45–53. (in Russian).
  8.  Kolodenkova A.E. Ocenka zhiznesposobnosti programmnyh proektov v uslovijah nechetkosti ishodnyh dannyh [The Program project viability estimation in the conditions of fuzzy initial data]. Programmnaja inzhenerija [Software engineering], 2011, №5, ISSN 2220-3397, pp. 10–16. (in Russian).
  9.  Kolodenkova A.E. Ocenka realizuemosti sozdanija programmnogo obespechenija informacionno-upravljajushhih sistem atomnyh stancij pri interval'nom haraktere ishodnyh dannyh [Assess implementation of creating software for information and control systems nuclear power plantsat interval nature of the source data]. Izvestija vysshih uchebnyh zavedenij. Severo-Kavkazskij region. Serija: Tehnicheskie nauki [University news. North-Caucasian region. Technical sciences series], 2015, №4(185), ISSN 0321-2653, DOI: 10.17213/0321-2653-2015-4-28-34, pp. 28–34. (in Russian).
  10. Korobkin V.V., Kolodenkova A.E. Diagnostika proektov po razrabotke programmnogo obespechenija na osnove ispol'zovanija precedentov [Diagnostics projects for software development through the use of precedents]. Trudy sed'moj mezhdunarodnoj konferencii «Upravlenie razvitiem krupnomasshtabnyh sistem» MLSD-2013 [Proceedings of the seventh international conference “Managing the development of large-scale systems”]. – М. Pub. Izdat. Institut problem upravlenija RAN [V.A. Trapeznikov Institute of Control Sciences of Russian Academy of Sciences], 2013, Vol. 1, ISBN: 978-5-91450-142-3, pp. 176–182. (in Russian).
  11. Gorelova G.V., A. E. Kolodenkova Ocenka bezopasnosti informacionno-upravljajushhih sistem atomnyh stancij s ispol'zovaniem kognitivnogo modelirovanija [Safety assessment of the information-control systems for nuclear power plants using cognitive modeling]. Tehnologii tehnosfernoj bezopasnosti [Technologies of the technosphere safety], 2015, №4(62), eISSN 2071-7342, pp. 339–348. (in Russian).
Papers43 - 50
URL ArticleURL Article
 Open Article
Article NameThe Mechanism of Connection Impact Strength Increase during Pulse Impact on the Welding Circuit in the Nuclear Power Complex
AuthorsS.M. Burdakov
Address

Volgodonsk Engineering Technical Institute the branch of National Research Nuclear University «MEPhI»,
Lenin St., 73/94, Volgodonsk, Rostov region, Russia 347360
e-mail: SMBurdakov@mephi.ru

AbstractBACKGROUND The processes of plastic deformation proceeding with different speed can take place at production and operation of responsible metal designs on the basis of heat resisting alloyed by steels in the nuclear power complex. A number of the used designs of their details and knots can be exposed to different deformation changes. Three samples for test for impact strength when welding with imposing of tension 80B with a frequency of 40 kHz and three samples without imposing of a pulse component were made. METHODS Multipass butt connection of steel plates 15 mm thick with imposing and without imposing on an arch of a direct current of tension 80B with a frequency of 40 kHz from the special generator at parallel connection to the main welding source was carried out by means of manual arc welding the electrode of TML-3U with a diameter of 4 mm. RESULTS The following results were received after carrying out mechanical tests. Average value of impact strength for samples without imposing of a pulse component is 24 kgf∙ m/ cm2, and for samples when welding with imposing of tension 80B with a frequency of 40 kHz is 26,6 kgf∙ m/ cm2. CONCLUSIONS It is possible to tell that the electromagnetic field with a frequency of 40 kHz provides metal structure formation of welded seam with higher rates of impact strength.
Keywordsresponsible metal designs, processes of plastic deformation, stability of the arc category burning, mechanical properties, dynamic loadings, impact strength, crushing of dendrites, defects of welded connection, electromagnetic field, metal structure of welded seam, high-frequency fluctuations
LanguageRussian
References

[1] Gromov Y.G. Teoriya obrabotki metallov davleniem [Theory of processing of metals pressure]. M. Pub. “Metallurgy” [Metallurgy publishing house], 1978, 361 p. (in Russian)

[2] Volchenko V.N. Kontrol kachestva svarki [Welding quality control]. M. Pub. "Mashinostroenie" [Mashinostroenie publishing house], 1975, 328 p. (in Russian)

[3] Chernov A.V., Poletaev Yu.V., Kavrishvili Z.O., Burdakov S.M. Povyshenie ustoychivosti goreniya dugi pri svarke pokrytymi elektrodami [Increasing the stability of arcing in welding with coated electrodes]. Welding fabrication, 2000, №2(783), ISSN 0491-6441, pp. 7–9. (in Russian)

[4] Burdakov S.M., Chernov A.V., Poletaev Yu.V., Polezhaev S.V. Fizicheskaya model elektricheskogo dugovogo razryada s nalozheniem vysokochastotnogo napryazheniya [Physical model of electric arc discharge with the application of high-frequency voltage]. Welding fabrication, 2001, №11(804), ISSN 0491-6441, pp. 13–16. (in Russian)

[5] GOST 9466–75. Elektrody pokrytye metallicheskie dlya ruchnoy dugovoy svarki staley i naplavki. Klassifikatsiya i obshchie tekhnicheskie usloviya [Covered metal electrodes for manual arc welding of steels and deposition. Classification and general specifications]. M. Pub. "Standartinform" [Standartinform publishing house], 2007, 25 p. (in Russian)

[6] GOST 6996-66 (ISO 4136-89, ISO 5173-81, ISO 5177-81). Svarnye soedineniya. Metody opredeleniya mekhanicheskikh svoystv [Welded joints. Methods of mechanical properties determination]. M. Pub. "Standartinform" [Standartinform publishing house], 2006, 44 p. (in Russian)

[7] GOST 5264-80. Ruchnaya dugovaya svarka. Soedineniya svarnye. Osnovnye tipy, konstruktivnye elementy i razmery [Manual are welding. Welding joints. Main types, design elements and dimensions]. M. Pub. "Standartinform" [Standartinform publishing house], 2005, 33 p. (in Russian)

[8] Burdakov S.M., Chernov A.V., Poletaev Yu.V., Polezhaev S.V., Prokopenko V.V. Povyshenie ustoychivosti dugovogo razryada i kachestva soedineniy pri svarke pokrytymi elektrodami [Increase of stability of the arc category and quality of connections when welding by the covered electrodes] [Works of the conference Volgodonsk institute of Novocherkassk state technical university "New methods of theoretical and pilot studies of materials, devices and technologies"]. Novocherkassk. Pub. "Nabla" [Volgodonsk institute of Novocherkassk state technical university], 2001, pp. 111–115. (in Russian)

[9] Boldyrev A.M. O mekhanizme formirovaniya struktury metalla shva pri vvedenii nizkochastotnykh kolebaniy v svarochnuyu vannu [About the mechanism of formation of structure of metal of a seam at introduction of low-frequency fluctuations to a welding bathtub]. Welding fabrication, 1976, №2(496), ISSN 0491-6441, pp. 52–55. (in Russian)

Papers51 - 56
URL ArticleURL Article
 Open Article

Operation of nuclear industry facilities

Article NameForecasting Algorithm of Temperature Drift of Main Circular Pump Oil System of the NPP Unit with the VVER-1000 Reactor
AuthorsYu.S. Sysoev*, V.G. Bekhetov**, N.A. Simakova***
Address

Volgodonsk Engineering Technical Institute the branch of National Research Nuclear University «MEPhI»,
Lenin St., 73/94, Volgodonsk, Rostov region, Russia 347360
* e-mail: sysoev2004@mail.ru ; ** e-mail: VGBeketov@mephi.ru; *** e-mail: simnataalex@gmail.com

AbstractWhen modeling the hardest consequences of global scale at nuclear power plant accidents special attention of researchers is paid to a problem of forecasting of those NPP equipment parameters which are able to afford to inform about the approach of emergency in advance. The control of the parameters influencing safety of reactor installation becomes particularly important. One of such parameters is oil temperature at the entrance to the Main Circulation Pump (MCP). The new technique of forecasting of continuous parameter changes allowing to predict emergency situations at the NPPs which can happen because of oil overheat in Main Circular Pump oil system and warn station personnel about possible time approach of emergency situation is presented.
Keywordsparameter restoration, interpolation, extrapolation, method of the smallest squares, forecasting
LanguageRussian
References

[1] Sysoev Yu.S. Analysis of the drift of the metrological characteristics of measuring devices by means of Markov chains. Measurement Techniques, 2012, Vol. 55, №1, ISSN 0543-1972, DOI: 10.1007/s11018-012-9910-5, pp. 14–19. (in English)

[2] Sysoev Yu.S., Tikhomirova A.I. Analysis of the operational stability of measurement instruments by stochastic prediction of drift in their metrological characteristics. Measurement Techniques, 2012, Vol. 55, №6, ISSN 0543-1972, DOI: 10.1007/s11018-012-0010-3, pp. 613–621. (in English)

[3] Sysoev Yu.S., Simakova N.A. Otsenka dlitelnosti mezhpoverochnykh intervalov izmeritelnykh ustroystv metodami teorii massovogo obsluzhivaniya [Assessment of duration of measuring devices intertesting intervals by methods of the theory of mass service]. Izmeritelnaya tekhnika [Measurement Techniques], 2014, №6, ISSN 0368-1025, pp. 10–15. (in Russian)

[4] Sysoev Yu.S. Ispolzovanie geometricheskogo i pokazatelnogo raspredeleniy dlya prognozirovaniya dreyfa parametrov tekhnicheskikh obektov [Use of geometrical and indicative distributions for forecasting of drift of technical object parameters]. Izmeritelnaya tekhnika [Measurement Techniques], 2015, №12, ISSN 0368-1025, pp. 17–19. (in Russian)

[5] Sysoev Yu.S., Salnikov A.A. , Beketov V.G., Chernov A.V. Prognozirovanie sostoyaniya tekhnologicheskikh obektov na osnove tekushchego monitoringa znacheniy ikh parametrov [Forecasting of technological object condition on the basis of the current monitoring of their parameter values]. Izmeritelnaya tekhnika [Measurement Techniques], 2016, №4, ISSN 0368-1025, pp. 3–7. (in Russian)

[6] Novoselov O.N., Gufeld I.L. Prognozirovanie sostoyaniya dinamicheskoy sistemy po rezultatam izmereniy [Forecasting of dynamic system condition by results of measurements]. Izmeritelnaya tekhnika [Measurement Techniques], 2015, №10, ISSN 0368-1025, pp. 11–15. (in Russian)

[7] Sysoev Yu.S. Algoritmy vybora vesovykh kharakteristik pri approksimatsii funktsiy po metodu naimenshikh kvadratov [Algorithms of the choice of weight characteristics at approximation of functions by the smallest squares method]. Izmeritelnaya tekhnika [Measurement Techniques], 1996, №8, ISSN 0368-1025, pp. 5–10. (in Russian)

[8] Plis A.I., Slivina I.A. Laboratornyy praktikum po vysshey matematike [Laboratory works on higher mathematics]. M. Pub. «Vysshaya shkola» [Higher School], 1983, 208 p. (in Russian)

Papers57 - 63
URL ArticleURL Article
 Open Article
Article NameAdaptive Neural Network Controller for Power Control in Nuclear Power Plants WWER 1000
AuthorsH.F. Almasri
Address

National Research Nuclear University «MEPhI»,
Kashirskoye Shosse, 31, Moscow, Russia 115409
e-mail: husam_almasri@hotmail.com

AbstractThe task of power control in nuclear reactors is one of the most important tasks in this field. Therefore, researches are constantly carried out to improve the power reactor control process. Nowadays, in the department of Automation in National Nuclear Research University MEPhI a study of intelligent power regulator models in the control systems of nuclear power reactors is carried out on the grounds of on multifunction computer analyzer (simulator) of reactor WWER 1000. In this paper, a block diagram of an adaptive reactor power controller was built on the basis of an intelligent control algorithm. When implementing the intelligent neural network principles, it is possible to improve the quality and the dynamic of any control system in accordance with the principles of adaptive control. As it is known, adaptive control system allows to adjust the controller's parameters ac-cording to the changes in the characteristics of the control object or external disturbances. In this paper it is shown that the promising options for an automatic power controller in nuclear power plants is an intelligent neural network control algorithms.
Keywordsartificial intelligence, neural networks, adaptive control, nuclear reactor, automatic power controller
LanguageRussian
References

[1] Gavrilova T.A., Khoroshevskiy V.F. Bazy znaniy intellektualnykh sistem [Knowledge bases of intellectual systems]. Sankt-Peterburg. Pub. Piter, 2000, 384 p. (in Russian)

[2] Vygovskiy S.B., Korolev S.A., Chernov E.V. Uchebnaya laboratoriya na baze mnogofunktsionalnogo analizatora reaktornoy ustanovki AES s VVER [Educational laboratory on the basis of the multipurpose analyzer of reactor installation of the NPP with WWER]. Vestnik Natsionalnogo issledovatelskogo yadernogo universiteta «MIFI» [Bulletin of National Research Nuclear University "MEPhI".], 2012,Vol. 1, №1, ISSN 2304-487X, pp. 104–110. (in Russian)

[3] Miroshnik I.V., Nikiforov V.O., Fradkov A.L. Nelineynoe i adaptivnoe upravlenie slozhnymi dinamicheskimi obektami [Nonlinear and adaptive management of difficult dynamic objects]. Sankt-Peterburg. Pub. Nauka, 2000, 549 p. (in Russian)

[4] Rotshteyn A.P. Intellektualnye tekhnologii identifikatsii: nechetkaya logika, geneticheskie algoritmy, neyronnye seti [Intellectual technologies of identification: fuzzy logic, genetic algorithms, neural networks]. Vinnitsa. Pub. UNIVERSUM, 1999, 320 p. (in Russian)

[5] Bozhenkov O.L., Kabachnikov A.B. Sistemnaya inzheneriya ASUTP AES [System engineering of the NPP PCS]. Yadernye izmeritelno-informatsionnye tekhnologii [Nuclear measuring and information technologies], 2009, №2, ISSN 1729-2689, pp. 27–32. (in Russian)

[6] Kashirina I.L. Neyrosetevye tekhnologii: uchebno-metodichesoe posobie dlya VUZov [Neural network technologies: an educational and methodical grant for Higher Education Institutions]. Pub. Izdatelsko-poligraficheskiy tsentr Voronezhskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta [Publishing and printing center of Voronezh State University], 2008, 72 p. Available at: http://www.ict.edu.ru/ft/005966/m08-110.pdf (in Russian)

Papers64 - 73
URL ArticleURL Article
 Open Article
Article NameDiesel Generator Equipment Diagnostics of Nuclear Power Plant Using Deterministic and Stochastic Methods
AuthorsE.A. Abidova, L.S. Hegay, A.V. Chernov, V.A. Bulava, O.Yu. Pugachyova, V.I. Soloviev
Address

Volgodonsk Engineering Technical Institute the branch of National Research Nuclear University “MEPhI”
e-mail: nii_energomash@mail.ru 

AbstractThe measurement of vibration and thermal control was carried out to assess the technical condition of the diesel generators of nuclear power plants in Russia. The paper describes the main provisions of methods of technical condition diagnosing which makes use of both traditional and new diagnostic methods of signal processing, including the assessment of entropy. The results of the equipment survey are presented.
Keywordsreserve diesel power station, thermal control, vibro-acoustic analysis, envelope spectrum analysis, Shannon entropy, permutation entropy, NPP
LanguageRussian
References

[1] Tikhomirov M.V., Ovchinnikov S.V., Khryashchev Yu.E. Razrabotka diagnosticheskogo kompleksa dlya elektronnoy sistemy upravleniya otechestvennykh avtomobilnykh dizeley [Development of a diagnostic complex for an electronic control system of domestic automobile diesels]. Vestnik MGTU im. N.E. Baumana. Seriya “Mashinostroenie” [Bulletin of N. E. Bauman MSTU. Mechanical engineering series], 2015, №1, ISSN 0236-3941, DOI: 10.18698/0236-3941-2015-1-142-148, pp. 142-148. (in Russian) 

[2] Krasheninnikov S.V. Sovremennye podkhody k diagnostirovaniyu dizelnykh dvigateley vnutrennego sgoraniya [Modern approaches to diagnosing of diesel internal combustion engines].  Vestnik Novosibirskogo gosudarstvennogo pedagogicheskogo universiteta [Bulletin of the Novosibirsk state pedagogical university.], 2013, №2(12), ISSN 2226-3365, DOI: 10.15293/2226-3365, pp. 59-68. (in Russian) 

[3] Pugacheva O.Yu., Pugachev A.K., Solovev V.I., Abidova E.A. Diagnostika dizel-generatora 15D-100 po pokazatelyam vibratsii [15D-100 Diesel Generator Diagnostics on Vibration Indicators]. Globalnaya yadernaya bezopasnost [Global nuclear safety], 2014, №2(11), ISSN 2305-414X, eISSN 2499-9733, pp. 91–97 (in Russian) 

[4] Dulesov A.S., Uskova E.A. Primenenie podkhodov Khartli i Shennona k zadacham opredeleniya kolichestva informatsii tekhnicheskikh sistem [Application of Hartley and Shannon approaches to problems of determination of amount of information of technical systems]. Voprosy sovremennoy nauki i praktiki. Universitet im. V.I. Vernadskogo [Questions of modern science and practice. V. I. Vernadsky University.], 2009, №2(16), ISSN 1990-9047, pp. 46–50. (in Russian) 

[5] Chumak O.V. Entropiya i fraktaly v analize dannykh [Entropy and fractals in the data analysis]. M., Izhevsk Pub. NITs «Regulyarnaya i khaoticheskaya dinamika», Institut kompyuternykh issledovaniy [SRC "Regular and chaotic dynamics", Institute of Computer Science], 2011, ISBN 978-5-93972-852-2, 164 p. (in Russian) 

Papers74 - 79
URL ArticleURL Article
 Open Article

undefined

Article NameMain Problems of Specialist Training for the Nuclear Industry in the Professional Standard Implementation
AuthorsV.A. Rudenko, S.A. Tomilin, N.P. Vasilenko
Address

Volgodonsk Engineering Technical Institute the branch of National Research Nuclear University «MEPhI»,
Lenin St. 73/94,  Volgodonsk, Rostov region, Russia 347360
e-mail: viti@mephi.ru

AbstractToday urgent is a question of providing nuclear power by highly qualified specialists capable quickly and accurately to solve the arising production problems. Extremely high degree of responsibility of workers employed in this industry defines the special requirements for training and qualification for personnel. However, there were no modern normative documents that contain clearly defined qualification requirements for each employee skill level by separately taken activity, necessary knowledge and skills for specific job functions for a long time. The introduction of professional standards should resolve this contradiction. The work presents the main problems of vocational training organization of workers in the nuclear industry during the implementation of professional standards. They are caused, first of all, by lack of the new educational standards considering requirements of professional standards. Furthermore, the requirements of professional education standards given in accordance with “All-Russian qualifier of specialties by training”, which causes a number of difficulties. The work suggests some ways to smooth the presented problems.
Keywordsnuclear industry, professional standards, specialist training
LanguageRussian
References

[1] Rudenko V.A., Tomilin S.A., Fedotov A.G. K voprosu o sovremennykh trebovaniyakh k razrabotke novykh professionalnykh standartov v atomnoy otrasli [Question of modern requirements to development of new professional standards in nuclear industry]. Novyy universitet. Seriya: Tekhnicheskie nauki [New university. Series: Technical science.], 2014, №2(24), ISSN 2221-9552, pp. 3–6. (in Russian)

[2] Rudenko V.A. Tomilin S.A., Fedotov A.G. , Beketov V.G. Razrabotka professionalnogo standarta dlya spetsialistov po obsluzhivaniyu i remontu mekhanicheskogo oborudovaniya AES [Professional Standard Design for Specialists of Service and Repair of NPP Mechanical Equipment]. Globalnaya yadernaya bezopasnost [Global nuclear safety], 2014, №1(10), ISSN 2305-414X, pp. 68–72. (in Russian)

[3] Razrabotka Professionalnykh standartov predpriyatiy atomnoy energetiki, promyshlennosti i nauki [Development of Professional standards of the enterprises of nuclear power, industry and science]. Availble at: http://srrosatom.ru/node/1281 (in Russian)

[4] Vvedenie professionalnykh standartov: chto trebuetsya ot kadrovika? [Introduction of professional standards: what is required from the personnel officer?]. Available at: http://totpp.ru/ru/publications/zhurnal-delovoj-tambov/?page=detail&code=141208 (in Russian)

[5] Federalnyy zakon «O vnesenii izmeneniy v Trudovoy kodeks Rossiyskoy Federatsii i stati 11 i 73 Federalnogo zakona "Ob obrazovaniiv Rossiyskoy Federatsii" [The federal law "About introduction of amendments to the Labor Code of the Russian Federation and articles 11 and 73 of the Federal law "About Education in the Russian Federation"]. Available at: http://pravo.gov.ru (in Russian)

[6] Profstandarty Rosatoma [Professional standards of Rosatom]. Available at: http://srrosatom.ru/sites/default/files (in Russian)

[7] Prikaz Mintruda Rossii №147n ot 12 aprelya 2013 g. «Ob utverzhdenii Maketa professionalnogo standarta» [The order of Ministry of Labor of Russia № 147n of April 12, 2013. "About the statement of the Model of the professional standard"]. Available at: http://www.rosmintrud.ru/docs/mintrud/orders/47 (in Russian)

[8] Prikaz Mintruda Rossii №170n ot 29 aprelya 2013 g. «Ob utverzhdenii metodicheskikh rekomendatsiy po razrabotke professionalnogo standarta» [The order of Ministry of Labor of Russia № 170n of April 29, 2013. "About the approval of methodical recommendations about development of the professional standard".]. Available at:http://fgosvo.ru/uploadfiles/profst/METOD.pdf (in Russian)

[9] Obshcherossiyskiy klassifikator spetsial'nostey po obrazovaniyu [All-Russian qualifier of specialties by training]. Available at:http://classifikators.ru/okso (in Russian)

[10] Ob ustanovlenii sootvetstviy pri utverzhdenii novykh perechney professiy, spetsialnostey i napravleniy podgotovki ukazannym v predydushchikh perechnyakh professiy, spetsialnostey i napravleniy podgotovki. Pismo Ministerstva obrazovaniya i nauki Rossiyskoy Federatsii ot 24 iyunya 2014 g. № AK-1666/05 [About establishment of compliances at the approval of new lists of professions, specialties and the directions of preparation specified in the previous lists of professions, specialties and the directions of preparation. Letter of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation of June 24, 2014 № AK-1666/05.]. Available at:http://minobrnauki.rf/dokumenty/4266 (in Russian)

[11] O Federalnoy tselevoy programme razvitiya obrazovaniya na 2016-2020 gody. Postanovlenie pravitelstva ot 23 maya 2015 g. №497 [About the Federal target program of development of education for 2016-2020. The government resolution of May 23, 2015 № 497]. Available at: http:// government.ru/docs/18268/ (in Russian)

Papers80 - 87
URL ArticleURL Article
 Open Article
Article NameThe Terminological System of the Russian Federation Criminal Code of 1996 in the Field of Nuclear and Radiation Safety Legal Protection
AuthorsE.A. Bragina
Address

Volgodonsk Institute of Economics, Management and Law Southern Federal University,
Mira St., 47, Volgodonsk,Rostov region,  Russia 347383 
e-mail: advokat.bragina@mail.ru

AbstractIn this paper we have the analysis of historical events and facts, effecting on formation of the Criminal Code provisions in 1996, which elaborate criminal responsibility for crimes in the field of nuclear and radiation safety. The focus of the research is devoted to the gaps in the conceptual apparatus of the offences.
Keywordssource of ionizing radiation, weapons of mass destruction, conceptual apparatus, radioactive substances, radioactive materials, the Russian Federation Criminal Code of 1996, criminal responsibility, nuclear and radiation safety, nuclear law
LanguageRussian
References

[1] Konstituciya Rossijskoj Federacii (prinyata vsenarodnym golosovaniem 12.12.1993) [The constitution of the Russian Federation (it is accepted by national vote 12.12.1993)]. Sobranie zakonodatelstva RF, 26.01.2009, №4, st. 445. [Collection of the Russian Federation legislation 26.01.2009, №4, article 445]  (in Russian)

[2] Federalnyj konstitucionnyj zakon ot 21.07.1994 № 1-FKZ «O Konstitucionnom Sude Rossijskoj Federacii» [The federal constitutional law 7.21.1994 № 1-FCL "About the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation"]. Sobranie zakonodatelstva RF, 25.07.1994, №13, st. 1447 [Collection of the Russian Federation legislation 25.07.1994, №13, article 1447]. (in Russian)

[3] Federalnyj konstitucionnyj zakon ot 28.04.1995 № 1-FKZ «Ob arbitrazhnyx sudax v Rossijskoj Federacii» [The federal constitutional law 4.28.1995 № 1-FCL "About arbitration courts in the Russian Federation"]. Sobranie zakonodatelstva RF, 01.05.1995, №18, st. 1589. [Collection of the Russian Federation legislation 01.05.1995, №18, article 1589] (in Russian)

[4] Federalnyj konstitucionnyj zakon ot 31.12.1996 № 1-FKZ «O sudebnoj sisteme Rossijskoj Federacii» [The federal constitutional law 12.31.1996 № 1-FCL "Judicial system of the Russian Federation"]. Sobranie zakonodatelstva RF, 06.01.1997, №1, st. 1. [Collection of the Russian Federation legislation 06.01.1997, №1, article 1.] (in Russian)

[5] Grazhdanskij kodeks Rossijskoj Federacii (chast pervaya) ot 30.11.1994 № 51-FZ [The civil code of the Russian Federation (part one) 11.30.1994 № 51-FL]. Sobranie zakonodatelstva RF, 05.12.1994, № 32, st. 3301. [Collection of the Russian Federation legislation 05.12.1994, № 32, article 3301] (in Russian)

[6] Semejnyj kodeks Rossijskoj Federacii ot 29.12.1995 № 223-FZ [The family code of the Russian Federation 12.29.1995 № 223- FL]. Sobranie zakonodatelstva RF, 01.01.1996, №1, st. 16. [Collection of the Russian Federation legislation 01.01.1996, №1, article 16.] (in Russian)

[7] Grazhdanskij kodeks Rossijskoj Federacii (chast vtoraya) ot 26.01.1996 № 14-FZ [The civil code of the Russian Federation (part second)  1.26.1996 № 14-FL]. Sobranie zakonodatelstva RF, 29.01.1996, №5, st. 410. [Collection of the Russian Federation legislation 29.01.1996, №5, article 410] (in Russian)

[8] Ugolovnyj kodeks Rossijskoj Federacii ot 13.06.1996 № 63-FZ [The Criminal Code of the Russian Federation 6.13.1996 № 63-FL]. Sobranie zakonodatelstva RF, 17.06.1996, №25, st. 2954. [Collection of the Russian Federation legislation 17.06.1996, №25, article 2954] (in Russian)

[9] Ugolovno-ispolnitelnyj kodeks Rossijskoj Federacii ot 08.01.1997 № 1-FZ [The Penal Code of the Russian Federation 1.8.1997 № 1-FL]. Sobranie zakonodatelstva RF, 13.01.1997, №2, st. 198. [Collection of the Russian Federation legislation 13.01.1997, №2, article 198] (in Russian)

[10] Vozdushnyj kodeks Rossijskoj Federacii ot 19.03.1997 № 60-FZ [The air code of the Russian Federation 3.19.1997 № 60-FL]. Sobranie zakonodatelstva RF, 24.03.1997, №12, st. 1383. [Collection of the Russian Federation legislation 24.03.1997, №12, article 1383] (in Russian)

[11] Nalogovyj kodeks Rossijskoj Federacii (chast pervaya) ot 31.07.1998 № 146-FZ [The Tax Code of the Russian Federation (part one) 7.31.1998 № 146-FL]. Sobranie zakonodatelstva RF, № 31, 03.08.1998, st. 3824 [Collection of the Russian Federation legislation № 31, 03.08.1998, article 3824]. (in Russian)

[12] Federalnyj zakon ot 21.11.1995 № 170-FZ «Ob ispolzovanii atomnoj energii» [The federal law 11.21.1995 № 170-FL "About use of atomic energy"]. Sobranie zakonodatelstva RF, 27.11.1995, №48, st. 4552. [Collection of the Russian Federation legislation 27.11.1995, №48, article 4552] (in Russian)

[13] Federalnyj zakon ot 09.02.1999 № 26-FZ «O vnesenii izmenenij i dopolneniya v Ugolovnyj kodeks Rossijskoj Federacii» [The federal law 2.9.1999 № 26-FL "About modification and additions in the Russian Federation Criminal Code"]. Sobranie zakonodatelstva RF, 15.02.1999, №7, st. 873. [Collection of the Russian Federation legislation 15.02.1999, №7, article 873] (in Russian)

[14] Federalnyj zakon ot 19.06.2001 № 84-FZ «O vnesenii izmenenij v statyu 355 Ugolovnogo kodeksa Rossijskoj Federacii» [The federal law 6.19.2001 № 84-FL "About introduction of amendments to article 355 of the Russian Federation Criminal Code"]. Sobranie zakonodatelstva RF, 25.06.2001, №26, st. 2588. [Collection of the Russian Federation legislation 25.06.2001, №26, article 2588]  (in Russian)

[15] Federalnyj zakon ot 07.05.2002 № 48-FZ «O vnesenii izmenenij v stati 225 i 226 Ugolovnogo kodeksa Rossijskoj Federacii» [The federal law 5.7.2002 № 48-FL "About introduction of amendments to articles 225 and 226 of the Russian Federation Criminal Code"]. Sobranie zakonodatelstva RF, 13.05.2002, №19, st. 1793. [Collection of the Russian Federation legislation 13.05.2002, №19, article 1793] (in Russian)

[16] Federalnyj zakon ot 07.05.2002 № 50-FZ «O vnesenii izmenenij v stati 188 i 189 Ugolovnogo kodeksa Rossijskoj Federacii» [The federal law 5.7.2002 № 50-FL "About introduction of amendments to articles 188 and 189 of the Russian Federation Criminal Code"]. Sobranie zakonodatelstva RF, 13.05.2002, №19, st. 1795. [Collection of the Russian Federation legislation 13.05.2002, №19, article 1795] (in Russian)

[17] Federalnyj zakon ot 08.12.2003 № 162-FZ «O vnesenii izmenenij i dopolnenij v Ugolovnyj kodeks Rossijskoj Federacii» [The federal law 12.8.2003 № 162-FL "About modification and additions in the Russian Federation Criminal Code"]. Sobranie zakonodatelstva RF, 15.12.2003, №50, st. 4848. [Collection of the Russian Federation legislation 15.12.2003, №50, article 4848] (in Russian)

[18] Federalnyj zakon ot 21.07.2004 № 73-FZ «O vnesenii izmenenij v Ugolovnyj kodeks Rossijskoj Federacii» [The federal law 7.21.2004 № 73-FL "About introduction of amendments to the Russian Federation Criminal Code"]. Sobranie zakonodatelstva RF, 26.07.2004, №30, st. 3091. [Collection of the Russian Federation legislation 26.07.2004, №30, article 3091] (in Russian)

[19] Federalnyj zakon ot 21.07.2004 № 74-FZ «O vnesenii izmenenij v stati 57 i 205 Ugolovnogo kodeksa Rossijskoj Federacii» [The federal law 7.21.2004 №  74-FL "About introduction of amendments to articles 57 and 205 of the Russian Federation Criminal Code"]. Sobranie zakonodatelstva RF, 26.07.2004, №30, st. 3092. [Collection of the Russian Federation legislation 26.07.2004, №30, article 3092] (in Russian)

[20] Federalnyj zakon ot 30.12.2008 № 321-FZ «O vnesenii izmenenij v otdelnye zakonodatelnye akty Rossijskoj Federacii po voprosam protivodejstviya terrorizmu [The federal law 12.30.2008 № 321-FL "About introduction of amendments to separate acts of the Russian Federation concerning counteraction to terrorism]. Sobranie zakonodatelstva RF, 05.01.2009, №1, st. 29. [Collection of the Russian Federation legislation 05.01.2009, №1, article 29] (in Russian)

[21] Federalnyj zakon ot 07.12.2011 № 420-FZ «O vnesenii izmenenij v Ugolovnyj kodeks Rossijskoj Federacii i otdelnye zakonodatelnye akty Rossijskoj Federacii» [The federal law 12.7.2011 №  420-FL "About introduction of amendments to the Russian Federation Criminal Code and separate acts of the Russian Federation"]. Sobranie zakonodatelstva RF, 12.12.2011, №50, st. 7362. [Collection of the Russian Federation legislation 12.12.2011, №50, article 7362] (in Russian)

Papers88 - 99
URL ArticleURL Article
 Open Article